{"id":13727,"date":"2025-11-04T12:12:12","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T05:12:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/?p=13727"},"modified":"2025-11-04T12:13:33","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T05:13:33","slug":"acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Prepare and Use Acid Dyes to Prevent Leveling and Spotting Defects: An In-Depth Technical Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Acid <a href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/fabric-dyeing-chemicals-4\/\">Dyes<\/a> are a group of water-soluble anionic dyes widely used for dyeing fibers that contain positively charged Amine groups (NH3+) in an acidic environment. The main fibers include Wool, Silk, and Nylon (Polyamide). Thanks to their ability to produce bright, brilliant shades and good light fastness, Acid Dyes are a premier choice for high-end garments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the characteristic chemical nature of Acid Dyes makes them extremely sensitive to fluctuations in the dyeing environment, particularly pH, temperature, and auxiliary chemicals. <strong>Uneven Dyeing<\/strong>, also known as <strong>Splotching<\/strong> or <strong>Poor Leveling<\/strong>, is the biggest challenge faced by dyeing engineers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article provides an in-depth, detailed guide\u2014from chemical mechanism to preparation techniques and process control\u2014to help you use Acid Dyes most effectively, ensuring uniform color and achieving high reproducibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\" src=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H1-1024x629.jpg\" alt=\"Acid Dyes\" class=\"wp-image-13738\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H1-1024x629.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H1-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H1-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H1.jpg 1189w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Basic_Mechanism_of_Acid_Dyes\"><\/span><strong>1. Basic Mechanism of Acid Dyes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 ez-toc-wrap-left-text counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">N\u1ed9i dung t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#1_Basic_Mechanism_of_Acid_Dyes\" >1. Basic Mechanism of Acid Dyes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#11_Acid_Dye_Composition\" >1.1. Acid Dye Composition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#12_Ionic_Bonding_Mechanism\" >1.2. Ionic Bonding Mechanism<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#13_Acid_Dye_Classification\" >1.3. Acid Dye Classification<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#2_Industrial_Standard_Preparation_Technique_for_Acid_Dyes\" >2. Industrial Standard Preparation Technique for Acid Dyes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#21_Water_Requirements\" >2.1. Water Requirements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#22_Step-by-Step_Preparation_Procedure\" >2.2. Step-by-Step Preparation Procedure<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#3_Controlling_Process_Variables_to_Prevent_Leveling_Defects\" >3. Controlling Process Variables to Prevent Leveling Defects<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#31_pH_Control_The_Decisive_Factor\" >3.1. pH Control (The Decisive Factor)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#32_Temperature_Control_Diffusion_Kinetics\" >3.2. Temperature Control (Diffusion Kinetics)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#33_The_Role_of_Leveling_Agents\" >3.3. The Role of Leveling Agents<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#4_Dyeing_Techniques_for_Wool_Silk_and_Nylon\" >4. Dyeing Techniques for Wool, Silk, and Nylon<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#41_Wool\" >4.1. Wool<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#42_Nylon_Polyamide\" >4.2. Nylon (Polyamide)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#43_Silk\" >4.3. Silk<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#5_Common_Technical_Defects_and_Troubleshooting\" >5. Common Technical Defects and Troubleshooting<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#51_Splotching_due_to_%E2%80%9CRapid_Strike%E2%80%9D\" >5.1. Splotching due to &#8220;Rapid Strike&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#52_Staining_Defect_Color_Bleeding\" >5.2. Staining Defect (Color Bleeding)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#53_%E2%80%9CBarre%E2%80%9D_Defect_Horizontal_Streaks_on_Nylon\" >5.3. &#8220;Barre&#8221; Defect (Horizontal Streaks) on Nylon<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#6_In-Depth_Analysis_of_Auxiliary_Chemicals_in_the_Acid_Dyeing_Process\" >6. In-Depth Analysis of Auxiliary Chemicals in the Acid Dyeing Process<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#61_Softening_Agents\" >6.1. Softening Agents<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#62_Fiber_Protective_Agents_Anti-YellowingProtective_Agents\" >6.2. Fiber Protective Agents (Anti-Yellowing\/Protective Agents)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#63_Special_Washing_Off_Agents\" >6.3. Special Washing Off Agents<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#7_Technical_Factors_of_Dyeing_Equipment\" >7. Technical Factors of Dyeing Equipment<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#71_Optimizing_Liquor_Ratio_LR\" >7.1. Optimizing Liquor Ratio (L\/R)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#72_Circulation_Speed\" >7.2. Circulation Speed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#73_Automatic_Acid_Dosing_System_pH_Dosing_System\" >7.3. Automatic Acid Dosing System (pH Dosing System)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#8_Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQ_About_Acid_Dyes\" >8. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Acid Dyes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/acid-dyes-5-standard-preparation-procedures\/#9_FINAL_CONCLUSION_AND_TECHNICAL_ADVICE\" >9. FINAL CONCLUSION AND TECHNICAL ADVICE<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p>To control the dyeing process, one must first understand the mechanism of interaction between <a href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/cotton-fabric-dyes-9\/\">the dye<\/a> and the fiber.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Acid_Dye_Composition\"><\/span><strong>1.1. Acid Dye Composition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Acid<\/a> Dye molecules contain negatively charged (anionic) groups, most commonly the Sulfonate group (SO3-).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Ionic_Bonding_Mechanism\"><\/span><strong>1.2. Ionic Bonding Mechanism<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fiber Activation:<\/strong> In an acidic environment (low pH), the Amine groups (NH2) on Protein fibers (Wool, Silk) or Polyamide (Nylon) are protonated, converting them into positively charged groups (NH3+).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bonding:<\/strong> The Sulfonate group (SO3-) of the Acid Dye forms an electrostatic bond (ionic bond) with the positively charged Amine group on the fiber.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dye Absorption:<\/strong> In addition to ionic bonds, weaker forces like Hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces also participate, which are particularly important for larger Acid Dye molecules.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_Acid_Dye_Classification\"><\/span><strong>1.3. Acid Dye Classification<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acid <a href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/disperse-dyes-7-differences-powder-liquid-forms\/\">Dyes<\/a> are divided into three main groups based on molecular size and pH conditions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Group<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Molecular Size\/Binding Force<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>pH Requirement<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Key Acid Used<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Leveling\/Fastness<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Leveling Acid Dyes<\/strong><\/td><td>Small molecule, weak affinity<\/td><td>Very low (pH 2-3)<\/td><td>Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)<\/td><td>High Leveling, Lower Fastness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Milling Acid Dyes<\/strong><\/td><td>Medium\/Large molecule, medium affinity<\/td><td>Medium (pH 4-6)<\/td><td>Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)<\/td><td>Medium Leveling\/Fastness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Metal-Complex Dyes (1:2)<\/strong><\/td><td>Very large molecule, strong affinity<\/td><td>Near neutral (pH 6-7)<\/td><td>Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)<\/td><td>Highest Fastness<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Industrial_Standard_Preparation_Technique_for_Acid_Dyes\"><\/span><strong>2. Industrial Standard Preparation Technique for Acid Dyes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The dye solution preparation is the first and most critical step to prevent spotting and leveling defects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_Water_Requirements\"><\/span><strong>2.1. Water Requirements<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Softness:<\/strong> The water must be <strong>Soft Water<\/strong> with very low hardness. Divalent metal ions (Ca}{2+, Mg}{2+) can react with the Sulfonate groups of the Acid Dye, forming insoluble <strong>Precipitation<\/strong> which causes <strong>Specks<\/strong> or visible patches on the fiber.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sequestering Agent:<\/strong> It is mandatory to add an ion-sequestering agent (EDTA or similar polymers) to the preparation water to chelate and neutralize any remaining metal ions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_Step-by-Step_Preparation_Procedure\"><\/span><strong>2.2. Step-by-Step Preparation Procedure<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Accurate Weighing:<\/strong> Weigh the powder Acid Dye with high precision (usually a 4-decimal electronic scale).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Preliminary Dissolution:<\/strong> Add the Acid Dye to a small amount of warm water (40-50C). <strong>Do not<\/strong> use boiling water as it can damage or alter the dispersion properties of the dye.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thorough Stirring:<\/strong> Stir gently until the Acid Dye is completely dissolved. For Acid Dyes with low solubility, a small amount of a special Wetting Agent or Dispersing Agent may be needed for assistance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Solution Filtering (Mandatory):<\/strong> The prepared dye solution must be filtered through a fine mesh (usually knitted fabric) before adding it to the dye bath. This removes undissolved particles, <strong>Agglomerates<\/strong>, or contaminants, which are the direct cause of <strong>Spotting<\/strong> defects on the fiber.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stock Solution:<\/strong> Prepare a stock solution at a specific concentration (usually 10 g\/L or 1\\%). Store this stock solution at room temperature, away from direct sunlight.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Controlling_Process_Variables_to_Prevent_Leveling_Defects\"><\/span><strong>3. Controlling Process Variables to Prevent Leveling Defects<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\" src=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H2-1024x629.jpg\" alt=\"Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m acid c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\" class=\"wp-image-13741\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H2-1024x629.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H2-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H2-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H2.jpg 1189w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Uneven dyeing (splotching) and poor leveling occur when the <strong>Rate of Dyeing<\/strong> is too fast or uncontrolled. The objective is to slow down and regulate the dyeing kinetics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_pH_Control_The_Decisive_Factor\"><\/span><strong>3.1. pH Control (The Decisive Factor)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>pH is the factor that governs the attractive force between the Acid Dye and the fiber.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Impact:<\/strong> The lower the pH (more acidic), the higher the concentration of NH3+, the stronger the ionic attraction, the faster the dyeing rate, and the greater the risk of leveling defects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Control Strategy:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>High Starting <\/strong>pH<strong>:<\/strong> Start the dyeing process at a higher pH (near neutral, pH 6-7) to allow the Acid Dye to absorb slowly and uniformly (Leveling).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gradual <\/strong>pH<strong> Drop:<\/strong> After the Acid Dye has uniformly penetrated the fiber, slowly lower the pH using Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) or Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4). This slow pH reduction is the key to gradual dye fixation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Buffer:<\/strong> Use Sodium Acetate (CH3COONa) along with Acetic Acid to create a buffer solution, helping to maintain stable pH throughout the process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_Temperature_Control_Diffusion_Kinetics\"><\/span><strong>3.2. Temperature Control (Diffusion Kinetics)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Temperature affects the kinetic energy of the Acid Dye and the swelling of the fiber.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Impact:<\/strong> Dyeing starts at a low temperature (40-50C). As the temperature increases, the dyeing rate increases sharply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Control Strategy:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ramping Rate:<\/strong> After adding the Acid Dye and running preliminarily, the temperature <strong>Ramping Rate<\/strong> must be extremely slow. For Leveling Acid Dyes, the rate should only be 1-1.5C per minute in the critical dyeing temperature range (80-100C).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Maximum Absorption Temperature:<\/strong> Maintain the maximum dyeing temperature (usually 98-100C) for a sufficient period (45-60 minutes) to allow the Acid Dye time to diffuse and distribute evenly (<strong>Leveling Time<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33_The_Role_of_Leveling_Agents\"><\/span><strong>3.3. The Role of Leveling Agents<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Leveling Agents are the &#8220;savior&#8221; against splotching.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mechanism:<\/strong> Leveling agents act as a <strong>Retardant<\/strong> or a competing absorption agent.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Anionic Retardants:<\/strong> Compete with the Acid Dye at the positive bonding sites (NH3+), reducing the number of available bonding sites.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cationic Retardants:<\/strong> Form a complex with the Acid Dye in the solution, reducing the concentration of free dye.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Application:<\/strong> Add the Leveling Agent to the dye bath at the beginning, before adding the Acid Dye, to ensure the dyeing process proceeds slowly and uniformly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Dyeing_Techniques_for_Wool_Silk_and_Nylon\"><\/span><strong>4. Dyeing Techniques for Wool, Silk, and Nylon<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Each fiber type has a different structure, requiring corresponding adjustments to the Acid Dyeing process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"41_Wool\"><\/span><strong>4.1. Wool<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Wool is a protein fiber with a complex structure, easily damaged by extreme temperature and pH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Challenge:<\/strong> Wool is susceptible to Yellowing when dyed at overly low pH or high temperature (&gt;100C).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dye Choice:<\/strong> Typically uses Milling Acid Dyes or Metal-Complex (1:2) at pH 4.5-6.5 (using Acetic Acid).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Technique:<\/strong> The dyeing process must start very cold (30C), and the temperature must be increased extremely slowly so that the Wool does not suffer thermal shock and the color penetrates evenly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"42_Nylon_Polyamide\"><\/span><strong>4.2. Nylon (Polyamide)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nylon is a synthetic fiber with higher crystallinity than Wool, making it harder to penetrate the color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Challenge:<\/strong> Nylon has a high dye affinity for Acid Dyes, leading to a very fast initial dyeing rate (<strong>Rapid Strike<\/strong>) causing severe splotching if not controlled.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dye Choice:<\/strong> Often uses Leveling Acid Dyes (low pH) to achieve good wet fastness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Technique:<\/strong> Mandatory use of <strong>Cationic Retardants (Blocking Agents)<\/strong> to partially neutralize the dyeing sites on the Nylon fiber, reducing dye affinity and extending the diffusion time, ensuring uniform Acid Dyeing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"43_Silk\"><\/span><strong>4.3. Silk<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Silk is the most delicate protein fiber, easily losing Luster and softness if dyed under harsh conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Challenge:<\/strong> Preserving softness and luster.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dye Choice:<\/strong> Prioritize Acid Dyes with neutral pH (Milling Acid Dyes) to avoid damaging the Silk structure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Technique:<\/strong> Dye at temperatures below 90C (Atmospheric) and use Acetic Acid to maintain the pH at 4.5-5.5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Common_Technical_Defects_and_Troubleshooting\"><\/span><strong>5. Common Technical Defects and Troubleshooting<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Unevenness when dyeing Acid Dyes often stems from the excessively fast interaction between the dye and the fiber.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"51_Splotching_due_to_%E2%80%9CRapid_Strike%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>5.1. Splotching due to &#8220;Rapid Strike&#8221;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cause:<\/strong> The initial Acid Dye absorption rate is too fast, causing the Acid Dye to &#8220;cling&#8221; to the most easily dyeable areas of the fiber, resulting in clear dark\/light patches. Usually due to insufficient leveling agent or overly low starting pH.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Troubleshooting:<\/strong> Reduce the starting temperature (40C), increase the amount of leveling agent, and start at a higher pH.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"52_Staining_Defect_Color_Bleeding\"><\/span><strong>5.2. Staining Defect (Color Bleeding)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cause:<\/strong> Occurs when dyeing blended fabrics (e.g., Nylon\/Spandex) or when post-dyeing washing is insufficient. Unfixed Acid Dye sticks to other parts of the fabric.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Troubleshooting:<\/strong> Use Acid Dyes with high wash fastness (Metal-Complex), and most importantly, perform a final washing off procedure with special cleaning agents to remove 100\\% of the unfixed Acid Dye.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"53_%E2%80%9CBarre%E2%80%9D_Defect_Horizontal_Streaks_on_Nylon\"><\/span><strong>5.3. &#8220;Barre&#8221; Defect (Horizontal Streaks) on Nylon<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cause:<\/strong> Due to differences in Acid Dye absorption along the length of the Nylon fiber, often related to the initial spinning process.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Troubleshooting:<\/strong> Requires the use of dyes with good coverage for fiber defects (<strong>Barre Coverage Dyes<\/strong>) combined with specialized leveling agents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_In-Depth_Analysis_of_Auxiliary_Chemicals_in_the_Acid_Dyeing_Process\"><\/span><strong>6. In-Depth Analysis of Auxiliary Chemicals in the Acid Dyeing Process<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Auxiliaries play a crucial role in regulating the dyeing process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"61_Softening_Agents\"><\/span><strong>6.1. Softening Agents<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Used for Wool and Silk after dyeing to restore softness lost due to the acidic environment and high temperature. Typically cationic or non-ionic softeners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"62_Fiber_Protective_Agents_Anti-YellowingProtective_Agents\"><\/span><strong>6.2. Fiber Protective Agents (Anti-Yellowing\/Protective Agents)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Especially important when dyeing Wool. Fiber protective agents (often protein derivatives) protect the disulfide bonds of Wool from damage by heat and acid, preventing the fiber from yellowing or becoming brittle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"63_Special_Washing_Off_Agents\"><\/span><strong>6.3. Special Washing Off Agents<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>After Acid Dyeing is complete, washing off agents are required. They form complexes with the unfixed Acid Dye particles, helping them separate from the fiber and be rinsed away, improving Rubbing Fastness and preventing color bleeding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Technical_Factors_of_Dyeing_Equipment\"><\/span><strong>7. Technical Factors of Dyeing Equipment<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\" src=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H3-1024x629.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m acid\" class=\"wp-image-13744\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H3-1024x629.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H3-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H3-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vietextile.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/thuoc-nhuom-acid-H3.jpg 1189w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Dyeing Machine also affects the uniformity of Acid Dyes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"71_Optimizing_Liquor_Ratio_LR\"><\/span><strong>7.1. Optimizing Liquor Ratio (L\/R)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\/R<strong> Ratio:<\/strong> The ratio between the mass of the dye liquor (L) and the mass of the substrate (R).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Impact:<\/strong> A low L\/R ratio (e.g., 1:5) saves energy, but liquor circulation becomes more difficult, easily causing leveling defects if a strong circulation pump is not used.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"72_Circulation_Speed\"><\/span><strong>7.2. Circulation Speed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Role:<\/strong> In yarn dyeing or jet dyeing machines, the pump circulation speed must be optimally controlled. Fast circulation helps the Acid Dye distribute evenly quickly, but too fast can damage the fiber (especially Wool).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"73_Automatic_Acid_Dosing_System_pH_Dosing_System\"><\/span><strong>7.3. Automatic Acid Dosing System (pH Dosing System)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To implement the <strong>Gradual <\/strong>pH<strong> Drop<\/strong> strategy, modern dyeing machines require an automatic acid pumping system controlled by a PLC, ensuring acid is added to the dye liquor at a predefined rate, rather than manually adding it all at once.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQ_About_Acid_Dyes\"><\/span><strong>8. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Acid Dyes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Question:<\/strong> Why is an acidic environment necessary for Acid Dyes? <strong>Answer:<\/strong> The acidic environment (low pH) helps the Amine groups (NH2) on Protein fibers (Wool, Silk) and Polyamide (Nylon) to be protonated, forming positively charged groups (NH3+). This positive charge is essential for creating the electrostatic bond (ionic) with the negatively charged Sulfonate group of the Acid Dye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Question:<\/strong> How to differentiate between Staining and Unevenness when using Acid Dyes? <strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Unevenness:<\/strong> Uneven color on the same type of fiber (e.g., one dark area, one light area on the same Nylon fabric). Usually due to the dyeing rate being too fast.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Staining:<\/strong> Unwanted color transfer onto a different fiber type in a blended fabric (e.g., Acid Dye intended for Nylon adhering to undyed Cotton fibers).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Question:<\/strong> Why is it necessary to use a Leveling Agent when dyeing Acid Dyes? <strong>Answer:<\/strong> The Leveling Agent helps slow down the initial dyeing rate (<strong>Retardation<\/strong>), preventing the <strong>&#8220;Rapid Strike&#8221;<\/strong> phenomenon (too fast absorption). This allows the Acid Dye sufficient time to diffuse and distribute uniformly across the entire fiber before chemical fixation, eliminating the risk of splotching.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Question:<\/strong> How do Metal-Complex Acid Dyes differ from Leveling Acid Dyes? <strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Metal-Complex:<\/strong> Large molecule, contains metal ions (Cr\/Co), forms a strong bond, dyes at near-neutral pH (pH 6-7), providing the highest fastness (especially light fastness).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Leveling:<\/strong> Small molecule, weak affinity, dyes at very low pH (pH 2-3), easiest to dye uniformly, but lower fastness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Question:<\/strong> Which acids are typically used to adjust the pH for Acid Dyes? <strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Acetic Acid (<\/strong>CH3COOH<strong>):<\/strong> Weak acid, used for Milling Acid Dyes or Metal-Complex dyes (pH 4-6.5). Easy to control, less damaging to the fiber.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sulfuric Acid (<\/strong>H2SO4<strong>):<\/strong> Strong acid, used for Leveling Acid Dyes at pH 2-3. Provides the strong acidic environment required for fixation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. Question:<\/strong> What is the difference in the dyeing procedure between Wool and Nylon when using Acid Dyes? <strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Wool:<\/strong> Requires protection from extreme temperature and pH. Dyes at a maximum temperature of 98C and requires a slow temperature ramping rate to avoid damaging the protein structure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nylon:<\/strong> Requires specialized Cationic Retardants because Nylon has an excessively high dye affinity. Can be dyed at 100-105C (HTHP) if it is Microfiber.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. Question:<\/strong> Why is filtering the Acid Dye solution necessary after preparation? <strong>Answer:<\/strong> Filtering helps remove undissolved Acid Dye particles or small precipitates caused by hard water. These particles are the main cause of <strong>Specks<\/strong> defects on the fiber after dyeing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_FINAL_CONCLUSION_AND_TECHNICAL_ADVICE\"><\/span><strong>9. FINAL CONCLUSION AND TECHNICAL ADVICE<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The preparation and use of Acid Dyes require strict and consistent control over three primary factors: pH, temperature, and leveling auxiliaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To ensure uniform color, free from spotting or unevenness, factories need to focus on the following strategies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dynamic <\/strong>pH<strong> Control:<\/strong> Start at a high pH (low affinity) and gradually lower the pH according to a predetermined schedule (<strong>Gradual <\/strong>pH<strong> Drop<\/strong>) using an automatic dosing system, instead of adding acid all at once.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Optimal Temperature Control:<\/strong> Maintain a slow <strong>Ramping Rate<\/strong> in the critical dyeing zone (80-100C) and ensure sufficient holding time for the Acid Dye to diffuse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Specialized Auxiliary Usage:<\/strong> It is mandatory to use a <strong>Leveling Agent<\/strong> to prolong the dyeing time, especially when dyeing Acid Dyes with a fast absorption rate or when dyeing Nylon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Water Quality:<\/strong> Strictly use soft water and a <strong>Sequestering Agent<\/strong> in every step of preparation and dyeing to prevent precipitation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>By adhering to these chemical and kinetic control principles, you can optimize your Acid <a href=\"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/vat-dyes-comparison-with-2-other-common-types\/\">Dyeing<\/a> process, ensuring high-quality products, excellent fastness, and minimizing the rate of re-dyeing defects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VieTextile provides technology solutions and spare parts for Wool, Silk, and Nylon dyeing machines, including precise acid and auxiliary chemical dosing systems, helping factories achieve the highest color reproducibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Contact Information:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Hotline: 0901 809 309<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Email: info@vietextile.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Website: https:\/\/vietextile.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Acid Dyes are a group of water-soluble anionic dyes widely used for dyeing fibers that contain positively charged Amine groups (NH3+) in an acidic environment. The main fibers include Wool, Silk, and Nylon (Polyamide). Thanks to their ability to produce bright, brilliant shades and good light fastness, Acid Dyes are a premier choice for high-end [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":13735,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[165],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13727","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fabric-dyeing-chemicals"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13727","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13727"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13727\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13746,"href":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13727\/revisions\/13746"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13727"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13727"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietextile.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}